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This is how an electric fence system works!
2
The electric fence system consists of:
1) An electric fencer generating regular energy impulses.
3) Insulation is performed by insulators preventing the power from diverting into the ground.
4) The earthing of the electric fencer which should be driven as deep as possible into moist soil.
When the animal touches the wire, the electric circuit is completed, i.e. the electricity travels through animal and soil
back to the fencer. Thus the animal gets an unpleasant but harmless electric shock and will move back. An electric fence
system like that is used successfully for fencing in as well as for keeping off animals.
1 m
3 m 3 m
Earthing
Earthing is an important part of the electric
circuit. To make sure the current flows
back without hindrance through the soil
to the fencer, there has to be the best
contact possible between ground rod and
soil (soil with hardly no moisture conducts
inadequately). When driving in the ground
rod look for moist spots, i.e. the ground
rod must be of sufficient length to reach
deepsub-soil moisture.
Fence Voltage and Impulse Energy
The peak of an electric impulse generated by the
fencer is called fence-voltage. High voltage is neces-
sary to create a proper channel between fence wire
and body of the animal. There has to be a minimum
voltage of about 2500 volts. (For thick-coated animals
we recommend a minimum voltage of 4000 volts).
Now the current (impulse energy) can flow through
this channel. This means that the efficiency of shock
depends on the amount of impulse energy (voltage
alone does not hurt!). The more stubborn an animal
is the more power should be used to enclose or keep
off. Furthermore, the need of more impulse energy
rises according to the length of the fence line and
its possible loss (e.g. vegetation). The more power
is delivered by a fencing unit, the higher its power
consumption. With regard to the impulse energy we
recommend to make a careful choice especially when
battery or rechargeable battery operated energizers
are concerned.
Fence Resistance
Apart from sufficient impulse energy you also need
highly efficient conductors to achieve the maximum
shock possible and tomake sure that the energy is
delivered with minimum loss to the animal without fa-
ding away before. Line resistance is a measure to rate
conductivity. It is stated in Ohm/Meter. The smaller the
value, the more conductive the material. The longer
the fence line, the more conductive the material has
to be. Excellent materials have a resistance of 0.3
Ω
/m, poor ones over 4
Ω
/m. Researches have shown
that there has to be a compromise between high
conduction mostly achieved by copper wires and long
service life (stainless steel wires of low conductivity).
Combined materials (conductors made of copper
and stainless steel wires) offer here the Optimum
(Premium Line).
Make sure there are at least
2500 volts everywhere on
the fence line!
A) Electric Fencing Unit
B) Conductors
C) Insulators
D) Posts
E) Ground Rods